Steel Structure Joints — Flanges and Pins

Flange Joints

Flange joints are one of the most commonly used joint types in steel pipe structures. Flange joints can be classified into rigid flanges (with stiffening ribs) and flexible flanges (without stiffening ribs). Rigid flanges are easy to connect and have greater load-bearing capacity and stiffness than flexible flanges, and are generally used at connection nodes where the internal forces of the members are relatively large; flexible flanges, on the other hand, are easier to machine. The flange form typically uses a butt-welded flange, where one end of the flange is beveled and welded to the outer wall of the pipe fitting, and the end of the pipe fitting is welded to the inner side of the flange using a fillet weld.

  Generally, flange connections can be made using ordinary bolts. When subjected to high loads, it is advisable to use high-strength ordinary bolts.

 Rigid flanges are flanges with stiffening ribs. They have the advantages of high rigidity, high load-bearing capacity, and ease of connection. However, they also have many disadvantages, such as high steel consumption, complex processing, large residual welding stresses, and susceptibility to welding deformation.

Flexible flange construction

Flexible flanges do not have stiffening ribs, allowing bolts to be closer to the pipe wall and reducing additional bending, which is beneficial for reducing the thickness of the flange disc and simplifying its appearance.

Pin Joint

Pivot joints have the advantages of simple construction, clear force transmission, and ideal hinge connections, and are widely used in mechanical and architectural steel structures.

  The form of pin joints is basically the same, consisting mainly of two parts: the ear plate and the pin. In pin joints, the ear plate is usually made of the same material as the base material. All internal forces in pin joints are transmitted through the pin, and there may be problems with reverse internal forces. Therefore, the pin is the key part of pin joints.

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